👉Civil War U.S. STAMP USED IN THE CONFEDERACY Cover DR THOMAS KIRKBRIDE INSANE

Description

Civil War
U.S. STAMP USED IN THE CONFEDERACY
Cover
DR THOMAS KIRKBRIDE INSANE ASYLUM. NEW ORLEANS LA
~
PHILLY PA
.
INTERNET INFO:
https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/view/41441/41162
http://www.trans-alleghenylunaticasylum.com/main/history3a.html
https://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/timeline/1801/tline14.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Story_Kirkbride
Thomas Story Kirkbride
(July 31, 1809 – December 16, 1883) was a physician, advocate for the mentally ill, and founder of the
Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane
(AMSAII), a precursor to the
American Psychiatric Association
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Early career
Thomas Story Kirkbride was born on July 31, 1809 on a farm in
Morrisville, Pennsylvania
into a wealthy
Quaker
family.
[4]
[5]
[6]
When he was 18 years old, he started studying medicine under Dr. Nicholas Belleville of
Trenton, New Jersey
in 1828.
[7]
[8]
After receiving a medical degree from the
University of Pennsylvania
in 1832, he became the youngest resident at a Quaker mental institution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
[5]
[6]
This mental institution was called Friends Asylum (also called
Friends Hospital
, The Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason, and the Frankford Asylum).
[5]
[6]
After his one-year residency at Friends Asylum, he spend two years as a resident physician at the Pennsylvania Hospital.
[5]
Kirkbride then operated his own practice from 1835 to 1840 that focused mainly on surgery.
[5]
[7]
[8]
He was elected as a member of the
American Philosophical Society
in 1851.
[9]
Psychiatry
In October 1840, Kirkbride became superintendent of the
Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane
.
[1]
[5]
[7]
[8]
Before he became superintendent, the hospital had struggled from a low recovery rate and temporarily closed. In January 1841, he was able to reopen it.
[6]
On January 9, 1841, the first patient was admitted with subsequent patients being transferred from other facilities.
[5]
In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during October 1844, Kirkbride helped found the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII). He held the position of secretary for seven years, treasurer, vice president for two years, and president for eight years between 1862 and 1870.
[2]
[5]
[10]
Kirkbride pioneered what would be known as the
Kirkbride Plan
, which aimed to improve medical care for the insane, through standardization of buildings that housed patients.
[11]
Kirkbride's influential work,
On the Construction, Organization, and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane with Some Remarks on Insanity and Its Treatment
,
[12]
was published in 1854, and again in 1880 as a book.
[6]
[7]
Lafayette College awarded him an LL.D "in recognition of his eminent ability and the remarkable services rendered to suffering humanity"(Curwen, 1885, p. 220).
[5]
Kirkbride's ideas brought about mixed feelings in both patients and peers.
[2]
[7]
Some in the medical community saw his theories and ideas as stubbornly clinging to ideals that hindered medical progress,
[2]
while others supported his ideas, and saw them change the treatment philosophy for the mentally insane.
[11]
He sometimes inspired fear and anger in his patients, even to the point that one attempted to murder him,
[2]
but he also believed that the mentally ill could be treated, and possibly cured. In fact, after the death of his first wife, Kirkbride married a former patient.
[2]
[7]
Kirkbride architecture
Kirkbride was an advocate of building hospitals for the mentally ill in a style which he believed promoted recovery and healing. This style was used on many late 19th century hospitals, including
St. Elizabeths Hospital
in Washington, D.C.
[13]
Many of these buildings, designed by leading architects of the time, are in ruins or decay.
[14]
An estate, now known as "The Village",
[15]
previously
Traverse City State Hospital
, was saved from destruction and restored.
[13]
Personal life
Kirkbride married Ann West Jenks (1812-1862)
[6]
in 1839. Together, they had two children: Ann, who was born in 1840, and Joseph John, who was born in 1842.
[16]
After Ann died, he married Eliza Ogden Butler (1835-?), one of his former patients.
[6]
Death
Kirkbride died of
pneumonia
on December 16, 1883, at his home at the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.
[2]
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